Composition for application to textiles



Patented Jan. 23, 1940' PATENT OFFICE COMPOSITION FOR TEXT APPLICATIONTO ILES William Whitehead, Cumberland, Md., assignor to CelaneseCorporation of America, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing.Application October 20, 1936, Serial No. 106,565'

2 Claims.

ters of cellulose, cellulose ethers and the like; but

10 they may also be applied to textile yarns or threads generallywhether for warp or weft or any other purpose where sized yarns orthreads are required.

An object of the invention is the preparation 5 of a sizing solution,composition or preparation which, when applied to yarns, suficientlylubricates and binds together the filaments or fibers of the yarns sothat they are suitable for any 5 purpose where a sized yarn is required.Another object of the invention is the sizing of yarns with a sizewhich,'although it contains a lubricant, is readily scourable from theyarn in hot or cold dilute soap solutions. Other objects of theinvention will appear from the following detailed 5 description.

An advantage of the sizing compound prepared in accordance with thisinvention is that when it is applied to yarn and dried, the same is notso brittle that it breaks down to powder when the 30 yarn is put intomechanical operation.

On the other hand, the sizing compound is not tacky and does not preventthe yarn from running freely in shuttles, looms, knitting frames andother textile devices. In Operations such as warping, stickiness of thesizing compound renders the use of the sized threads or yarns difficultor impossible, as the layers of thread wound on the beams stick togetherand cannot be unwound in the looms without breakage or injury 46 to thethreads, thus rendering weaving, etc., impossible or resulting indefective fabrics. Another disadvantage of tacky sizing compounds isthat the yarns are bound together into ribbons in slasher operations informing warps. The sizing composition formed in accordance with thisinvention are free of the tackiness that causes the above mentioneddifficulties.

A further advantage of the sizing composition prepared in accordancewith this invention is that it does not affect the fiber detrimentallyby chemical reaction if not removed soon after its application. Thisbeneficial feature is of special importance in the sizing or coating of,artificial filaments which are attacked chemically .55 by many of theordinary sizing compounds. The

chemical action of sizes on artificial filaments may result in abreaking down in the strength of the yarn or a delustering, arelustering or other change in the yarn which may not be desirable forthe particular application to which the yarn is to be used.

In accordance with this invention a sizing composition, solution orpreparation is formed from a mixture of gelatin, a water-soluble resinand a sulphonated vegetable oil or a sulphonated higher fatty alcohol.By a sulphonated higher fatty alcohol is meant the sulphate orsulphonate derivatives of lauryl, palmityl, oleyl and similar alcohols.The general term sulphonated higher fatty alcohol also includes thesodium, potassium or amine salts of the sulphonated alcohols. The saltsare preferably used as they are neutral in action and do not tend toproduce hydrolysis or saponification when employed on yarns containingorganic derivatives of cellulose.

The composition of this invention may be formed of from 10 to 15 partsby weight of any suitable gelatin, several grades of which are nowcommonly employed in sizing compositions, from .5 to 2 parts by weightof a Water-soluble resin such as glycol bori-borate, glycerolbori-borate and water-soluble vinyl alcohol resins, and from 1 to 3parts by weight of a sulphonated vegetable oil or sulphonated higherfatty alcohol. These I sulphonated higher fatty alcohols soften thegelatin, have good electric conductivity to keep down static and aremoderately lubricative. The oil constituent of the sizing compound mayconsist of a mixture of oily materials, for instance, from 15 to 100parts of a sulphonated higher fatty al cohol (preferably in the form ofits salts) and the remainder consisting of from 85 to 0 parts of amineral, vegetable or animal oil or fat which may or may not besulphonated. The oils employed with the sulphonated higher fatty alco ohols may include synthetic oily materials, for

example, the mono, di-, or tri-oleates of glycerol or the monoordi-oleates of glycol and so on.

The sizing compound as described above, dissolved or dispersed in water,may be applied to the yarn in any suitable concentration. For coatingwarps at a slasher, a concentration of from 5 to 14% of the sizingcomposition in water is preferable. Naturally, concentration of thesolids in the aqueous coating composition will mainly determine theamount of size applied to the yarn. For the Weaving of tafietas and likefabrics from yarns of cellulose acetate, the amount of solids placed onthe yarn ascertained after evaporation of the water, may be from 3 to10% 5g The following are some examples of suitable sizing compositionsmore particularly suitable for application in slasher operations towarps of cellulose acetate yarns and threads, it being understood thatthese examples are given only by way of illustration and that they canbe varied widely. The parts are by weight.

Example I Parts by weight Gelatin 12.5 Sulphonated olive oil 1.5 Sodiumsalt of sulphated lauryl alcohol .5 Water-soluble resin 1 Example IIParts by weight Gelatin 13 Tri-ethanolamine salt of sulphated oleylalcohol 1 Mineral oil .25 Water-soluble resin 1 The sizing solution,composition or preparation may be applied to the threads or yarns by anyknown or suitable method, for instance, by dipping the yarn or thread inhanks, in which case a suitably dilute or fluid solution, composition orpreparation will be employed. Or,

, the sizing may be effected by the continuous winding method, e. g.winding the yarns or threads on reels, bobbins, beams or other devicesand causing them in transit thereto to travel through a bath of the sizeor over rollers or surfaces of furnishing devices supplied therewith. Insuch a case a more concentrated or lessfiuid solution, composition orpreparation will usually be employed.

The sizing solution, composition or preparation may be applied in thespinning of the yarns or threads, and especially it may be applied, asproposed and claimed in the specification of H. Dreyfus, U. S. Patent1,506,052, to artificial yarns or threads of cellulose or othercellulose esters or cellulose ethers continuously with their productionby the dry or evaporative spinning method, that is to say, in theirtravel from the extrusion jets or spinnerets to the winding, or twistingand winding device.

When the sizes are applied to threads or yarns by the continuous windingmethod or when they are applied in the spinning of the yarns or threads,and especially when they are applied to yarns or threads of dry-spuncellulose esters or ethers continuously with the production thereof, asbefore mentioned, it is important that the sizes shall be so constitutedand such drying aids be provided that in the time elapsing between theapplication of the sizes and the winding of the traveling thread on thewind-up device, the size shall dry sufliciently so as not to be sticky.For instance, in the sizing of individual yarns,

the yarns may be led through a chamber containing a drying atmosphere orabout a heated roller, or the distance from the point of application ofthe size to the take-up package may be sufiiciently long for air drying.In slasher operations, as known in practice, the yarns after receiving acoating of size are passed about heated drying drums which drive off thewater content and reduce the consistency of the size to a point where itis non-tacky before being wound on the beam.

For producing novelty fabrics and the like, a sizing may be applied tothe yarn intermittently instead of continuously, thus producing a yarnwhich has segments which are sized and segments which are in theirnatural state, i. e. unsized.

The sizing composition described above may be employed in the doublingof individual ends without employing twist or when employing only asmall twist. For instance, one or all the ends may be treated with thesizing composition immediately prior to their being joined together andwound upon a package. The sizing composition tends to bind various endstogether, If desired the yarn formed from a plurality of ends may begiven a coating of size although some or all of the individual ends havealready been sized during the doubling operation.

For the purpose of producing stiffened fabric,

the sizing composition of this invention may be applied to fabrics bypadding methods, spraying methods or other suitable methods of applyinga coating to the fabric. Here again the concentration of the aqueoussolution or suspension of the sizing compound will depend largely uponthe result desired.

it is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is givenmerely by way of illustration and that many variations may be madetherein without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having described my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patentis:

1. An aqueous composition for use in sizing yarns containing organicderivatives of cellulose, said composition comprising from 10 to 15parts by weight of gelatin, from 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of awater-soluble resin comprising an ester of a water-soluble polyhydricalcohol with boric acid, from 1 to 3 parts by weight of a substanceselected from the group consisting of sulphonated vegetable oils andSulphonated higher fatty alcohols, and water in an amount suflicient tomake up the sizing composition.

2. An aqueous composition for use in sizing yarns containing organicderivatives of cellulose, said composition comprising from 10 to 15parts by weight of gelatin, from 0.5 to 2 parts by Weight of awater-soluble resin selected from the group consisting of glycolbori-borate and glycerol bori-borate, from 1 to 3 parts by Weight of asubstance selected from the group consisting of sulphonated vegetableoils and sulphonated higher fatty alcohols, and water in an amountsufficient to make up the sizing composition. WILLIAM WHITEHEAD.

Y CERTIFICATE or CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2,188,161 January 25, 191 .0.

WILLIAM WHITEHEAD.

It is herebyjcert ified that error appears in the pri fitedspecification of the above pimberedlp'je'fitr equii'ing e'orreetgniesfoilo'w's: Page 2 fi/ r fline 1 .9., aftel r the word "cellulose"oecurrenee, insert acethe seid Letters Patent sheuld pe read with thiseori-e'c' on therein that the same may eonfomtp the recpr-d of jghe casein the Patent"-"0f-i ice. r I 7 a a V Signed andlgea'led this 12th "g ofM rQnQ D. 19m;-

Hem-y Van Arsdale, (Seal) vActing Commissioner of Patents.

